EVALUATION OF TEMPEH AS A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCE IN THE DIETS FOR JUVENILE TIGER GROUPER, EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS
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Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal (FM) with tempeh (TMP) in the diets for juvenile tiger grouper (TG), Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Five isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (16%) diets containing FM replaced by TMP at 0, 30, 40, 50% (namely TMP0, TMP30, TMP40, TMP50, respectively), and by 30% soybean meal supplemented with phytase (SBM30) were fed to triplicate group of fish (10.09±0.15g). Weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI) of TMP0 group were significantly higher (201.42% and 1 g fish-1 day-1, respectively) than those fed with TMP-based diets and SBM30 (P< 0.05). On the other hand, fish fed with TMP40 attained highest WG (165.55%) among all groups fed with TMP-based diets. Despite the poorer WG and FI, TMP40 and TMP50 groups resulted in better feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) (P< 0.05) than other diets. Moderate soybean-induced distal intestine enteritis was observed in all fish fed with diets containing soy protein but signs of inflammation became increased as TMP inclusion level increased. The current findings indicated that TMP could be used as a potential alternative protein source in the diet of TG, preferably with addition of essential amino acids and feed stimulants. ABSTRAK Satu percubaan pemakanan selama 56 hari telah dijalankan untuk menilai potensi penggunaan tempeh (TMP) sebagai pengganti tepung ikan (FM) dalam diet juvenil kerapu harimau (TG), Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Lima diet (masing-masing mengandungi 50% protein dan 16% lemak) telah dirumuskan untuk menggantikan FM dalam diet pada aras 0, 30, 40, 50% dengan menggunakan TMP (masing-masing TMP0, TMP30, TMP40, TMP50), dan juga 30% dengan menggunakan tepung kacang soya (SBM30) berserta dengan penambahan enzim phytase. Pada akhir eksperimen, kumpulan TMP0 menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan (P< 0.05) dalam penambahan berat (WG) dan jumlah pengambilan makanan (FI) (masing-masing 201.42% and 1g ikan-1 hari-1) berbanding dengan kumpulan lain yang diberi protein soya dalam diet. Sebaliknya, TMP40 menunjukkan penambahan berat paling tinggi (165.55%) dalam kumpulan diet TMP. Walaupun mencapai WG dan FI yang kurang baik, kumpulan TMP40 dan TMP50 menunjukkan nisbah penukaran makanan (FCR), kadar efisiensi protein (PER), dan utilisasi protein bersih (NPU) yang lebih baik dari kumpulan lain (P< 0.05). Dalam eksperimen ini, semua ikan yang diberi protein soya dalam diet menunjukkan inflamasi usus yang sederhana tetapi kesan-kesan inflamasi semakin ketara dengan penambahan TMP dalam diet. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa TMP berpotensi menjadi sumber protein alternatif dalam diet juvenil TG sekiranya rasa TMP dipertingkatkan.
Keywords: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, tempeh, soybean meal, feed utilization, palatability
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