A NUMERICAL STUDY OF JOULE HEATING EFFECT IN ELECTRODEPOSITION PROCESS-CASE OF COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The electrochemical process in the presence of heat dissipation effect (Joule heating effect) is highly detected in practical electroplating solutions such as 0.6 M CuSO4+0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte, where currents passing through the cathode-anode-electrolyte increase temperature in the electrolyte and electrodes. Due to the complex nature of such systems and the diversity of physics describing it, a theoretical approach of appearance for natural convection on vertical and horizontal sides of a cathode in the presence and absence of Joule effect under unsteady state condition was observed using Comsol Multiphysics. It was found that the onset of natural convection on a vertical side depends on the Joule effect, and the time (tn) for appearance is longer on the edges than in other areas. The horizontal side of a cathode assists the appearance of natural convection in the presence and absence of the Joule effect. The Rayleigh (Ra) number has larger values on the vertical side than the horizontal side due to the effect of surface concentration distribution Cs. A Sherwood, Sh-Ra mathematical relation such that Sh=0.03Ra0.86 was proposed where natural convection had no pronounced effect on the deposition process. It was found that the Joule heating effect negatively affects the electrodeposition process by reducing the local current values.
Downloads
Article Details
Transfer of Copyrights
- In the event of publication of the manuscript entitled [INSERT MANUSCRIPT TITLE AND REF NO.] in the Malaysian Journal of Science, I hereby transfer copyrights of the manuscript title, abstract and contents to the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) for the full legal term of copyright and any renewals thereof throughout the world in any format, and any media for communication.
Conditions of Publication
- I hereby state that this manuscript to be published is an original work, unpublished in any form prior and I have obtained the necessary permission for the reproduction (or am the owner) of any images, illustrations, tables, charts, figures, maps, photographs and other visual materials of whom the copyrights is owned by a third party.
- This manuscript contains no statements that are contradictory to the relevant local and international laws or that infringes on the rights of others.
- I agree to indemnify the Malaysian Journal of Science and the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publisher) in the event of any claims that arise in regards to the above conditions and assume full liability on the published manuscript.
Reviewer’s Responsibilities
- Reviewers must treat the manuscripts received for reviewing process as confidential. It must not be shown or discussed with others without the authorization from the editor of MJS.
- Reviewers assigned must not have conflicts of interest with respect to the original work, the authors of the article or the research funding.
- Reviewers should judge or evaluate the manuscripts objective as possible. The feedback from the reviewers should be express clearly with supporting arguments.
- If the assigned reviewer considers themselves not able to complete the review of the manuscript, they must communicate with the editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another suitable reviewer.
Copyright: Rights of the Author(s)
- Effective 2007, it will become the policy of the Malaysian Journal of Science (published by the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya) to obtain copyrights of all manuscripts published. This is to facilitate:
- Protection against copyright infringement of the manuscript through copyright breaches or piracy.
- Timely handling of reproduction requests from authorized third parties that are addressed directly to the Faculty of Science, University of Malaya.
- As the author, you may publish the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given. You may produce copies of your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, for teaching purposes or to be provided, on individual basis, to fellow researchers.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, electronically on a secure network at your affiliated institution, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- You may include the fore-mentioned manuscript, whole or any part thereof, on the World Wide Web, provided acknowledgement regarding copyright notice and reference to first publication in the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers) are given.
- In the event that your manuscript, whole or any part thereof, has been requested to be reproduced, for any purpose or in any form approved by the Malaysian Journal of Science and Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (as the publishers), you will be informed. It is requested that any changes to your contact details (especially e-mail addresses) are made known.
Copyright: Role and responsibility of the Author(s)
- In the event of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science contains materials copyrighted to others prior, it is the responsibility of current author(s) to obtain written permission from the copyright owner or owners.
- This written permission should be submitted with the proof-copy of the manuscript to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Science
References
Ahmadkhaniha Donya, Ericso Fredrik, Zanella Caterina (2020) Optimizing Heat Treatment for Electroplated NiP and NiP/SiC, Coatings, 10: 1179.
Amir, Karimdoost Yasur, Mohsen, zadi, Hossein Hatemi (2019) Numerical Study of Natural Convection in a Square Enclosure Filled by Nanofluid with a Baffle in the Presence of Magnetic Field,, Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng 38: 209-220.
C. Duchanoy, F. Lapicque, C.F. Oduoza, A.A. Wragg(2000) Mass transfer and free convection associated with electrodeposition at long narrow upward facing tracks, Electrochimica Acta, 46: 433441.
Diogo M. F. Santos, César A. C.(2013) Hydrogen Production By alkaline water electrolysis, Sequeira Quim Nova. 36: 1176-1193.
F.A. Lowenheim (1977). Electroplating. McGraw-Hill, First Edition, 1977.
G. A. C. Gonçalves, P. M. S. Campos, T. C. Veloso, V. R. Capelossi (2021) Influence of current density and temperature in the zinc electroplating process at sulfate-based acid solution: study on process efficiency and coating morphology
Holman, P. Jack (2010) Heat Transfer. 9th ed. Published by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hussein Watheq Naser (2018) A geometrical configuration and its effect on the performance of an electrochemical cell under free convection, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13:3432-3444.
I.M. Sakr, W.A. El-Askary, A. Balabel,K. Ibrahim (2013) Numerical Study on natural and forced convection in Electrochemical Cells, CFD Letters, 5:120-131.
Jeon Joonyeob, Yoon Gil Ho, Vegge Tegs, Chang Jin Hyun (2022) Phase-Field Investigation of Lithium Electrodeposition at Different Applied Overpotentials and Operating Temperatures, Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 14: 15275−15286.
Jinjun Li, Xiaofei Lu, Feng Wu, Wei Cheng, Weidong Zhang, Shaoli Qin, Zhen Wang, Zhixiong You (2017) Electroplated Palladium Catalysts on FeCrAlloy for Joule-Heat-Ignited Catalytic Elimination of Ethylene in Air, Ind and Eng. Chem. Res, 56: 12520–12528.
K. Sang-Hyuk, M. Deok-Woon, C. Bum-Jin (2006)Application of Electroplating Method For Heat Transfer Studies Using Anology Concept, Nuclear Engineering Technology,. 38: 251-258.
Kanani Nasser (2005). Electroplating: Basic Principles, Processes and Practice. Elsevier Science, 1st Edition.
Kwon, Hong-Beom, Kim, Kyong Tae, Ahn, Hye-Rin, Kim, Yong-Jun (2017) Electrodeposition and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni–B with Low Boron Content for MEMS Applications, Sensors and Materials, 29: 225-234.
M. Schröter, K. Kassner, I. Rehberg, J. Claret, F. Sagues (2002) Influence of ohmic heating on the flow field in thin-layer electrodeposition, Physical Review 66:1-6.
M. Huang, G. Marinaro, X.Yang, Fritzsche, B.Z. Lei, M. Uhlemann, K. Eckert, G. Mutschke (2019) Influence of ohmic heating on the flow field in thin-layer electrodeposition, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 842: 203-217.
Milan Paunovic, Mordechay Schilesige (2006) Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, INC.
O.K. Al-Duaij, M.M. Abou-Krisha, M.I. Attia (2017) Influence of the Deposition Temperature on the Electrodeposition Mechanism of Zn-Co-Fe Alloy, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 12: 11972 – 11986
P. Barvinschi (2006) Numerical simulation of ohmic heating in idealized, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 8:271-279.
S. Kawai, Y. Fukunaka, S. Kida (2009) Numerical Calculation of Transient Current Density Distribution along Vertical Plane Electrode in CuSO4 – H2SO4 Electrolyte Solution, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 157: F99.
Selman, Jan Robert, Newman, John (1971) Desalting by Means of Porous Carbon Electrodes, Journal of Electrochemical Society118: 510.
V.M. Volgin, A.V. Zhukov, G.N. Zhukova, A.D. Davydov (2009) Onset of natural convection in the electrochemical cell with horizontal electrodes under non-steady-state conditions: A numerical study, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 8: 1005.
Y. Xuegeng, E. Kerstin, H. Armin, U. Margitta (2008) The concentration field during transient natural convection between vertical electrodes in a small-aspect-ratio cell, Journal of Electronalytical Chemistry, 613: 97-107.