PERUBAHAN FONOLOGI DALAM BAHASA DUANO DAN BAHASA MELAYU PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE DUANO AND MALAY LANGUAGES

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Nur Fathiha Asyikin Baharin
Rohani Mohd Yusof
Noor Hasnoor Mohamad Nor

Abstract

Abstract
The Orang Asli, who are considered minorities in Malaysia, is divided into three groups – the Negrito, Senoi and Proto-Malays. Each group has its language used during oral communication. The Duano language is one of the indigenous languages under the Proto-Malay group. The language is classified under the Austronesian family of languages, similar to the Malay language. The Duano language is the language of the indigenous people who dwell in the state of Johor. Based on the scale presented by EGIDS in “Ethnologue” (2021), the Duano language is at risk of becoming moribund. Researchers also found that deep comparative studies of the phonological systems to be limited. Hence, this paper aims to examine the process of phonological changes in the Duano language by comparing it with the Standard Malay Language (BMS). This study utilises the upstream fieldwork approach, supported by conducting interviews, observations, recordings and note-taking. The structural theory was applied during analysis, whereby the Duano and BMS cognates were transcribed phonemically and classified under specific sub-systems. They were then analysed using a qualitative comparative perspective to examine the phonological differences that had occurred. Results showed that the Duano language had undergone phonological changes, such as phoneme alignment, glottalisation, monophthongisation and delineation. In conclusion, the phonological changes indicated an independent evolutionary process for both languages in a particular environment, eventually forming a distinct phonological innovation.
Keywords: indigenous, Duano, comparative study, phonology, sound change, innovation


Abstrak
Orang Asli merupakan golongan minoriti di Malaysia yang dibahagikan kepada tiga kelompok utama secara pentadbiran, iaitu Negrito, Senoi dan Melayu-Proto. Setiap kelompok mempunyai bahasa tersendiri yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan. Bahasa Duano ialah salah satu bahasa orang Asli daripada kelompok Melayu-Proto. Bahasa Duano tergolong dalam kelompok bahasa rumpun Austronesia sama seperti bahasa Melayu. Tumpuan masyarakat dan bahasa Duano adalah di negeri Johor. Skala Expanded Grade Intergenerational Disruption Scale EGIDS yang dikemukakan dalam Ethnologue (2021) menunjukkan bahawa bahasa Duano adalah bahasa yang semakin pupus (bahasa moribund). Kajian perbandingan sistem fonologi secara intensif didapati amat terhad. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan untuk meneliti proses-proses perubahan fonologi yang berlaku dalam bahasa Duano melalui perbandingan dengan bahasa Melayu Standard (BMS). Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah lapangan huluan melalui teknik temubual, pemerhatian, rakaman, serta catatan. Teori struktural digunakan dalam analisis kajian yang dijalankan. Kata berkognat bahasa Duano dan BMS ditranskripsi secara fonemik, diklasifikasikan mengikut subsistem tertentu dan dianalisis menerusi perspektif perbandingan kualitatif bagi membandingkan perbezaan fonologi yang berlaku. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahasa Duano mengalami proses perubahan fonologi seperti kesejajaran fonem, pengglotisan, pemonoftongan, penyahnasalan dan sebagainya. Gejala perbezaan fonologi yang berlaku antara bahasa Duano dan BMS menunjukkan berlakunya proses evolusi secara bersendirian bagi kedua-dua bahasa sekeluarga tersebut dalam persekitaran tertentu yang akhirnya membentuk inovasi fonologi yang tersendiri.
Kata Kunci: Orang Asli, Duano, kajian perbandingan, fonologi, perubahan bunyi, inovasi.

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How to Cite
Nur Fathiha Asyikin Baharin, Rohani Mohd Yusof, & Noor Hasnoor Mohamad Nor. (2021). PERUBAHAN FONOLOGI DALAM BAHASA DUANO DAN BAHASA MELAYU: PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE DUANO AND MALAY LANGUAGES. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu (JOMAS), 32(2), 112–133. Retrieved from https://mjs.um.edu.my/index.php/JPM/article/view/33184
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