Jurnal Usuluddin (ISSN: 1394-3723, E-ISSN: 0128-0708) adalah jurnal akademik berwasit dwi-tahunan yang diterbitkan oleh Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Ia menerbitkan makalah ilmiah dalam bidang Usuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam dalam bahasa Melayu, Inggeris dan Arab. Journal of Usuluddin (ISSN: 1394-3723, E-ISSN: 0128-0708) is a refereed biannual open-access blind-peer-reviewed research journal published by the Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. It publishes scholarly articles on `Usuluddin and Islamic Thought in Malay, English, and Arabic. مجلة أصول الدين هي مجلة محكمة تصدرها أكاديمية الدراسات الإسلامية بجامعة ملايا بكوالا لمبور-ماليزيا, مرتين في السنة . تنشر المجلة الأبحاث العلمية في مجال أصول الدين والفكر الإسلامي باللغة الملايوية والإنجليزية والعربية. E-ISSN : 0128-0708 ISSN : 1394-3723 Publisher: Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya Publication type: Online Publication frequency: 2 time(s) per year (June & December)
Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA
Feminist Religious Guidance and Its Contemporary Applications: An Objective Qur’anic Study
This study seeks to highlight the importance of women’s religious guidance within educational institutions through a Qur’anic methodology. It aims to identify Qur’anic verses that affirm the role of Muslim women in Da‘wah and to clarify key contemporary methods of religious guidance. The research problem is reflected in the increasing prevalence of deviant behaviors among female students in educational institutions, resulting from weak religious awareness, the marginalization of Muslim women’s role in guidance, and the absence of a systematic vision for activating religious guidance. The study adopts an inductive approach to survey relevant texts, a descriptive-analytical method to examine Qur’anic verses emphasizing women’s role in Da‘wah, and an applied approach based on interviews with female religious guides. The findings confirm that Muslim women’s participation in Da‘wah is authentic and firmly rooted in the Holy Qur’an, and that religious guidance is a continuous responsibility across all times and places. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that activating a systematic model of women’s religious guidance contributes to building faith-based and critically aware generations capable of confronting intellectual deviation, protecting society, and strengthening it in accordance with the Qur’anic methodology.
The Leadership of al-Azhar Alumni in Managing Religious and Ethnic Conflicts in Malaysia
Malaysia is a country renowned for one of its unique characteristics, a pluralistic society. The long course of history has been a major factor contributing to the existence of various differences among the Malaysian population in many aspects. These differences, which add to the distinctiveness of the nation, require proper management, as the failure to handle them appropriately could lead to worrying conflicts, potentially resulting in hostility and division that may threaten national peace. Accordingly, this writing was conducted to examine the actions taken by selected alumni of al-Azhar University who have served as leaders in addressing conflicts. This article employs qualitative methods, particularly library research, by reviewing previous studies to identify interreligious and interethnic issues and analyzing the actions of selected al-Azhar alumni, with special attention to the approaches they adopted in managing conflicts. The selected alumni include Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Mahmood Zuhdi Abdul Majid, Dato’ Ustaz Haji Fadzil Mohd Noor, Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Tuan Guru Haji Abdul Hadi Awang, Tan Sri Dr. Abdul Hamid Othman, Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Abdullah Md Zin, Datuk Seri Dr. Mujahid Yusof Rawa, and Dato' Syeikh Haji Mohd Murtadza Ahmad. The findings indicate that the leadership of the al-Azhar alumni applied diplomatic approaches, engaging in wise and harmonious negotiations among the parties involved and religious approaches, by providing clear and courteous explanations and guidance.
The Concepts of al-Fana’ and al-Baqa’ in Hasan Hanafi’s Thought and Their Implications in Contemporary Life
This study explores Hasan Hanafi’s reconstruction of ‘Ulum al-Tasawwuf through the paradigm of ‘Min al-Fana’ ila al-Baqa’’ and examines its implications for contemporary life. Hasan Hanafi criticizes forms of tasawwuf that excessively emphasize inward spirituality while neglecting practical and social engagement, arguing that such tendencies hinder the productivity and creativity of the Muslim community. In response, he proposes a transformative model of tasawwuf that shifts from passive and ritualistic spirituality toward an active, dynamic, and socially responsible discipline. Central to this reconstruction is the concept of objective consciousness (wa‘y maudhu‘iy), which reorients faith from a submissive and static condition into a form of revolutionary morality (akhlaq al-thawriy). This moral framework is grounded in the paradigm of al-baqa’ on earth, prioritizing the actualization of human khilafah (vicegerency) over the mere pursuit of individual sainthood (wilayah). Hasan Hanafi argues that true sainthood emerges only through the successful realization of humanity’s role as God’s vicegerent on earth. Furthermore, this study highlights Hasan Hanafi’s insistence on orienting tasawwuf as an individual spiritual experience (tajribah fardiyah) rather than a collective or institutionalized practice, which he considers potentially harmful when transformed into mass movements. Methodologically, this research employs qualitative library research with a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing primarily on Hasan Hanafi’s Min al-Fana’ ila al-Baqa’ as the main source. The findings demonstrate that Hasan Hanafi’s project aims to revitalize tasawwuf as a productive, humanistic, and civilization-oriented discipline capable of contributing meaningfully to modern social life, education, and cultural development.
The Question of Takfir from the Sunni Perspective: A Theological and Jurisprudential Inquiry
This study examines the theological and jurisprudential dimensions of takfir the act of declaring a fellow Muslim a disbeliever from the perspective of mainstream Sunni. Drawing on classical sources, particularly the works of al-Ghazali, it delineates the definitional boundaries of kufr and the conditions under which takfir may be legitimately applied. Qualitative in nature, the analysis emphasizes the Sunni tradition’s insistence on ‘restraint’ from takfir; the presumption of Islam, and the dangers of misapplication of takfir in contexts of interpretive disagreement (taʾwil). Central to the discussion is al-Ghazali’s framework, including his five levels of existence and his requirement of definitive proof (qat‘i), which collectively underscore that takfir must rest on an explicit denial (takzib) of prophetic teachings and incontrovertible rejection of what is known by necessity in religion (ma‘lum min al-din bi al-darurah). The paper argues that sectarian polemics and interpretive errors (ta’wil) cannot serve as grounds for takfir. By situating takfir within the methodology of the salaf, the study demonstrates that Sunni thought categorically rejects indiscriminate takfir and upholds the sanctity of Muslim unity and doctrinal tolerance, provided that such tolerance does not contravene the essential definition of kufr.
Intra-Religious Rivalry on Hadith Exposition in Ilorin Emirate, Nigeria
Divergent views on Hadith exposition had been in existence since the Prophetic era. However, the Prophet resolved a myriad of theological and juristic differences among his Companions. The later generation experienced accretions due to strange ideology and sectarianism. Ilorin emirate Muslims had a similar experience of factionalism arising from divergent approaches to Hadith corpuses. The study explores the stages of Hadith development in Ilorin, consequences of intra-religious rivalry among Muslims and approach of the Ilorin Muslim factions to Hadith interpretation. The article appraises four selected Hadiths relating to theological and juristic polemics to curtail sectarian intolerance arising from the emirate. The article adopts an analytical method to unravel the polemics and relies on archive materials and oral interview for data collection and discussion. The article reveals that indoctrination of young scholars in Ilorin emirate had significantly influenced their Hadith exposition. Experts in the field of Hadith and Muslim preachers are enjoined to avoid sentiments in Hadith analysis.
Critical Thinking According to Islam and the West: An Analytical Review
The topic of critical thinking is often perceived as a complex subject with little need for in-depth discussion. Therefore, this article aims to examine the aspects of debates frequently addressed by previous scholars within the framework of critical thinking, while also identifying gaps in past studies. The data for this study were collected using a qualitative research method. These data were analyzed through both inductive and deductive methods to organize them based on appropriate themes and characteristics. The findings reveal that critical thinking is a skill required across all fields of knowledge. However, this skill cannot be effectively practiced without understanding the key elements involved in ensuring that the thinking process being conducted is indeed a critical one. Among the main elements are setting clear objectives, broadening perspectives, obtaining accurate information from authoritative and trusted sources, respecting differences, and acknowledging the truth. Various research approaches exist within the topic of critical thinking, including studies focusing solely on critical thinking, research that combines critical thinking with the Qur’an, studies merging critical thinking with hadith, and research that integrates critical thinking with religious aspects. Each of these research approaches contains gaps that can be filled with recent conceptual studies, offering new insights and perspectives compared to past trends in writing. This literature review also demonstrates significant differences between the concept of critical thinking in the West and Islam, particularly in the aspect of setting a purpose for engaging in critical thinking activities.
Did Abu Hurairah Mudalis?: A Critique of Mahmud Abu Rayya’s View of Thoughts
This article discusses Mahmud Abu Rayya's thoughts regarding his criticism of Abu Hurairah. He argues that Abu Hurairah is not a Sahabah (Companion of the Prophet) whose Hadiths can be accepted without question because, in his view, Companions could make mistakes in narrating Hadiths. Therefore, the authors analyze these thoughts using a critical approach to obtain valid data for evaluating his perspective. In conclusion, the authors found several enlightening findings that shed light on the accusations made by Abu Rayya against Abu Hurairah. He misunderstood the terminology used in scholarly discussions and confused the concepts of tadlis and mursal sahabi. It is important to distinguish between these two terms because mursal narrations from reliable Sahabah are considered valid and accepted in the field of Hadith scholarship. Therefore, the accusation against Abu Hurairah can not be justified for several reasons. Firstly, Abu Hurairah is a Companion, and all scholars unanimously agree on the trustworthiness of the Prophet’s Companions. Secondly, he misunderstood the term ‘tadlis,’ leading to an incorrect conclusion about Abu Hurairah’s actions.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Islamic Studies: An Analysis of Students’ Perceptions and the Need for Guidance Based on Islamic Values
Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents an advanced technology capable of performing cognitive functions such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. Its integration into education, particularly through chatbots and natural language processing (NLP) technologies, has opened new avenues for more rapid and interactive learning processes. Nevertheless, concerns arise regarding the appropriateness of AI within Islamic Studies, a field that places great emphasis on the authenticity of knowledge and the continuity of scholarly transmission (sanad). Overreliance on generative AI without critical verification poses potential risks to the integrity of Islamic knowledge. This article aims to assess the perceptions and extent of AI usage among students specializing in Islamic Studies. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving online surveys and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that most students actively use AI tools, particularly ChatGPT (58.64%), to support their learning activities. While respondents generally expressed positive perceptions towards AI, they also stressed the necessity for ethical guidelines and the incorporation of Islamic moral values in its use. In conclusion, AI holds significant potential as a supportive tool in Islamic Studies education. However, its application must be guided by ethical frameworks and aligned with the epistemological principles of Islamic scholarship. Such guidelines are essential to ensure that technology is utilized responsibly, without compromising the authenticity of knowledge transmission and the preservation of Islamic ethical values.
The Impact of Homosexuality on Islamic Belief, Values, and Cultures
Homosexuality is one of the most common illicit types of sexualities produced by modernity. Most people must be familiar with terms such as homosexual, transsexual, and bisexual, but these are not the only sexual orientations that are produced by modernity in this world. There are as many as sixteen types that exist in the world. However, insufficient discourse and attention have been given by the government, social actors, and Islamic scholars in identifying the menace, and its escalation is worrisome. Therefore, this article examines the impact of homosexuality on Islamic beliefs, values, and culture, employing a qualitative method that combines historical, documentary, and analytical approaches. The findings reveal that homosexuality as a product of modernity has an impact on the Islamic belief systems, social values of Islam, and cultures. The article further systematically pin pointed the strategies deployed by the modernists in inculcating these notorious and illicit acts in the minds of the Muslim youth in the disguise of colonialism, neo-colonialism, and secularism. This article, therefore, recommends that the marriage institution should be preserved from the Islamic perspective for the obliteration of these illicit modern sexualities, with a particular focus on homosexuality.
Melestarikan Islam di Alam Melayu Menerusi Pengajian Ilmu Kalam Berdasarkan Perspektif Ibn Khaldun
Ilm al-kalam that uses the arguments of reason in convicting the principles of the creed of faith and refute ideologies doubt be viewed as a discipline that can make a significant contribution in preserving Islam in the Malay world, especially at a time when the Muslim community currently inhabiting the region had faced with various challenges of thought and ideology that challenged their beliefs based on the Sunni school of thought. Therefore, the study of ilm al-kalam have highlighted that it is clearly understood by approaches that are relevant in the context of Islam in the Malay community now. This article attempts to examine the concept of ilm al-kalam according to Ibn Khaldun, based on the work of his magnum opus, the Prolegomena and examine the relevance of his thinking about ilm al-kalam now in order to preserve Islam in the Malay world. This study is qualitative by using data collection methods by documentation and data analysis methods by content analysis using deductive and inductive approaches. Among the issues that will be analyzed is the importance of using the aqliyya or rational approach to achieve ma`rifatullah which is the basis of perfection of every Muslim in terms of thinking and the extent to which this approach can be the basis to fortify them from being influenced by ideologies that deviate from Sunni school of thought. This article concludes that an approach that combines the argument of reason with revelation is able to produce ma`rifatullah based on convincing argument and this approach is able to refute the doctrines that deviate from the Sunni based on the school of Asharites. In addition, the study of ilm al-kalam should also emphasize the practical aspect, which is the aspect of appreciation that focuses on the aspect of compliance with the sharia in human life. When this is achieved, then it is definitely going to be able to preserve Islam in the Malay world over the centuries. Several suggestions will also be put forward to strengthen the study of ilm al-kalam in accordance with the current challenges faced by Muslims today.
The Impact of Belief in the Hereafter on Muslim Moral and Ethical Conduct
Belief in the afterlife constitutes a fundamental pillar of Islamic faith, profoundly influencing both the devotional practices and moral conduct of Muslims. This study examines how this belief shapes Muslim behavior guiding acts of worship and fostering virtues such as honesty, justice, and compassion. Despite Islam’s emphatic teachings on the hereafter, many Muslims exhibit behaviors incongruent with this belief, such as neglect of worship, ethical lapses, and excessive worldly preoccupations. Consequently, the study’s central research question emerges: What are the most significant manifestations of afterlife belief in a Muslim’s daily life? The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, examining Quranic texts and Hadith to elucidate concepts related to the afterlife. It also analyzes contemporary Muslim behavior through this lens. The deductive method derives behavioral and moral principles from religious texts, while the inductive method evaluates real-world examples of conduct influenced (or uninfluenced) by this belief. The findings affirm that genuine belief in the afterlife serves as a powerful motivator for religious and ethical adherence. When internalized, it fosters a cohesive Muslim society striving for holistic success—balancing temporal well-being with eternal salvation.
Etika Penggunaan Prompt Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) dalam Memelihara Kesahihan Pegangan Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah dalam Akidah, Fikah dan Tasawuf
The rising utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life, including within Islamic religious discourse, has raised concerns regarding the potential dissemination of deviant ideologies through unfiltered AI generated responses. In response to this issue, the present study aims to examine the necessity of employing ethically framed prompts in AI systems to enhance the awareness of Muslim users, particularly in preserving the doctrinal integrity of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah (ASWJ) school of thought in the domains of ʿaqidah (theology), fiqh (jurisprudence), and tasawwuf (spirituality). This qualitative study adopts a content analysis approach, examining ChatGPT’s responses to a range of prompt designs, some of which explicitly articulate the theological and legal frameworks of Islam, while others remain general. The data are analysed comparatively with reference to authoritative ASWJ sources and current literature on AI ethics. The findings indicate that ambiguous or unspecific prompts may result in the integration of ideological elements that deviate from ASWJ orthodoxy. Conversely, precise and contextually guided prompts tend to produce responses that are more consistent with theologically sound. The study introduces the concept of the ‘Ethical Islamic Prompt’ as a foundational framework for guiding Muslim engagement with AI systems. The implications of this study contribute to the early development of Islamic AI literacy and offer a basis for formulating ethical AI usage policies within religious authorities and Islamic educational institutions.
Aplikasi Biopsikososial-Spiritual untuk Bekas Penagih Dadah bagi Mengelakkan Relapse: Perbincangan Kumpulan Fokus
Drug addiction is a global issue that continues to have significant impacts on individuals, families, and communities. One of the main challenges in the recovery process is the risk of relapse, which refers to the recurrence of addictive behaviour. This article discusses the application of the biopsychosocial-spiritual approach from an Islamic perspective as a holistic effort to help former drug addicts prevent relapse. This study employs a qualitative method through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving nine experts from various fields, including Sufism, Islamic Psychotherapy, Islamic Psychology, psychiatry, drug rehabilitation, as well as social and community work. The findings were analysed using thematic analysis, resulting in several key themes based on four components: biological or physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. Essential elements such as medical treatment (e.g., Methadone), psychospiritual therapy, reinforcement of religious values, social skills, and community support were identified as core components in the development of an intervention module. This study recommends that the Islamic Psychospiritual approach be used as the foundation for a comprehensive and practical rehabilitation module to strengthen self-resilience and reduce the risk of relapse among former drug addicts.
Study of the Concept of ‘Jirim Mengambil Lapang’ in Aqidah al-Najin and Its Conceptual Comparison to the Theory of Space in Physics
This article explores the concept of ‘Jirim Mengambil Lapang’ (Matter Occupies Space) as presented in Aqidah al-Najin and compares it with the scientific understanding of space in classical and modern physics. The theological perspective in Aqidah al-Najin asserts that matters (jirim) inherently occupies space, distinguishing creation from the Creator (al-Khaliq) that transcends spatial limitations. In contrast, physics has evolved from Newtonian mechanics, which defines space as an absolute framework, to Einstein’s relativity, where space is dynamic and influenced by mass and energy. Quantum mechanics further challenges classical views by proposing that space may have discrete properties at microscopic scales. Using a qualitative and comparative approach, this study conceptually examines the similarities and differences between these perspectives, highlighting their epistemological foundations, methodologies, and implications for understanding existence and reality. The findings reveal that while Islamic theology and modern physics approach space from different paradigms one rooted in metaphysical principles and the other in empirical observation both acknowledge space as a fundamental aspect of reality. This study contributes to the broader discourse on the relationship between science and religion, offering insights into how theological and scientific frameworks can coexist and enrich each other in understanding the nature of space and existence.
Muhammad Uthman El Muhammady’s Response to the Threat of Religious Pluralism in Malaysia
This article examines Muhammad Uthman El Muhammady’s response to the spread of religious pluralism in Malaysia, which is perceived as a threat to the Islamic creed. The objective of this study is to analyze his views and critiques of figures and movements promoting pluralism, particularly the influence of John Hick and local scholars such as Mohamad Hashim Kamali. The study adopts a qualitative approach through content analysis of his major works, including books, papers, scholarly articles, and lectures. The findings reveal that Muhammad Uthman El Muhammady strongly rejects religious pluralism and emphasizes the importance of returning to the principles of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah as a safeguard for Islamic faith. The significance of this study lies in clarifying the role of local Muslim thinkers in defending orthodoxy amidst the globalization of ideas. Its implications highlight the need to develop a systematic Islamic intellectual narrative through structured creed education, exposure to Sunni epistemology, and strengthening Islamic identity within integrated educational policies. This article recommends reinforcing mainstream Islamic discourse to effectively address the challenges of religious pluralism, alongside further research on the effectiveness of these approaches in a plural society and within the context of globalized thought.
Imam Hafs b. Sulayman Abu ‘Umar al-Asadi: A Critical Comparative Analysis of his Qur’anic and Hadith Narration
This research examines the narration of Imam Hafs, whose popularity is widespread among Muslims due to his expertise in the recitation of the Qur’an. Specifically, the paper aims to study the criticism and authenticity of Imam Hafs’ narration, focusing on critiques by scholars such as al-Daraqutni and Yahya ibn Ma‘in, who categorized his narration as weak and unreliable. They argue that he lacked sharp memory, among others deficiencies. The central question addressed in this study is whether whether the statement regarding the weakness of his narration is general or specifically limited to his Hadith narrations, or if it also concerns his Qur’anic recitations on the authority of ‘Asim ibn Abi al-Najud. This study employs a critical comparative method, utilizing analytical, inductive, and comparative approaches in accordance with the science of Hadith criticism (al-Jarh wa al-Ta‘dil) to determine the views of Hadith scholars about Hafs’ narrations in both the Qur’an and Hadith. The views of scholars were collected, reviewed, and comparatively analyzed, with special consideration given to opinions supported by substantial evidence. The study concluded That Imam Hafs is universally recognized as a reliable authority in Quranic recitation. While critiques of his Hadith narration exist, they stem from his primary focus on Quran recitation, leaving limited scope for mastery in Hadith. This does not impact his esteemed status or the widespread adoption of his recitation today, as scholars across disciplines unanimously affirm his reliability in Quranic readings and teaching.
Perbandingan Konsep Ketepatan dalam Perbahasan Epistemologi Muslim Liberal dan Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah
Correspondence is an important element of the Islamic epistemological debate. However, a survey of two schools of Islamic thought, namely liberal Muslims and Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah as presented by al-Baghdadi, found that each has a different conceptions of the concept of correspondence within their theory of knowledge. This article analyzes the comparison of the concept of correspondence in the epistemological debates of liberal Muslims and Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah. The results shows that liberal Muslims do not affirm the elemen of the meaning the correspondence of the meaning to the reality as it is since the theory is based on human contingency, sociological and psychological limitations and context in contrast to Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah who affirm the elemen of the meaning the correspondence of the meaning to the reality as it is. The whole formulation implies that correspondence must be affirm because correspondence is one of the elements of knowledge.
The Axiological Aspects of Science in the Thought of Ibn Khaldun
The study of the philosophy of science in the world of Islamic philosophy is still relatively rare. However, there are many great Islamic philosophers in the past who have contributed to the understanding of scientific development during their time. Ibn Khaldun, as one of the greatest Islamic thinkers, has made significant contributions to the development of various fields of knowledge. One area of study that has attracted Ibn Khaldun’s attention is related to scientific development. Ibn Khaldun’s own focus is on various scientific problems that occurred during his lifetime, including those related to value issues. Axiology of science as a branch of the philosophy of science focusing on value issues within science is a new approach that is still rarely found in studies related to Islamic thought. This research will attempt to explore Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts related to the field of Axiology of Science through a literature review of Ibn Khaldun's major work, the Muqaddimah. The results of the study indicate that many of Ibn Khaldun's philosophical thoughts touch on the relationship between values and science, such as the values of divinity, economics, and politics. Economic values can influence the direction of scientific development, while political values can be influenced by the activities of scientists. The misuse of scientific knowledge for evil purposes has also developed and been highlighted by Ibn Khaldun during that period. This indicates an awareness of moral aspects among scientists at that time.
Faham al-Sa‘adah (Kebahagian) menurut Islam: Analisis Matan Akidah Terpilih
Happiness (al-sa‘adah) is an important discourse in the intellectual tradition of Islam. The discourse on happiness may be found in the al-Quran, the prophetic Hadith SAW, the works by mutakallimun, the works by philosophers, and the works by metaphysicians. This article aims to identify the discourse and the concept of al-sa‘adah in the selected works of mutakallimun namely al-‘Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah by Ahmad al-Tahawi (d. 321 H), al-‘Aqa’id by ‘Umar al-Nasafi (d. 537 H), Jawharah al-Tawhid by Ibrahim al-Laqani (d. 1041 H), and al-Kharidah al-Bahiyyah by Ahmad al-Dardir (d. 1201 H). This study research approach is qualitative. The data were collected through document analysis on the selected theological works as stated above and their commentary, also through content analysis by emphasizing on the discourse of al-sa‘adah. The data then analyzed descriptively. The study shows that (i) the discourses of al-sa‘adah in the text are in tandem with the discourses of al-shaqawah, (ii) a person’s al-sa‘adah and al-shaqawah had been determined by Allah SWT since eternality (azali), (iii) the forms of al-sa‘adah and al-shaqawah, (iv) it is not compulsory for Allah SWT to grant al-sa‘adah or al-shaqawah to whoever He wants, and (v) the concept of al-sa‘adah discussed by the mutakallimun does not change.
Sinkritasi Ajaran Sesat dan Teori Konspirasi di Media Sosial Menurut Perspektif Pemikiran Islam
The invention of the internet and the development of social media have enabled the rapid and widespread communication in every corner of the world. It gives an equal opportunity to everyone to express their ideas and views whether they are facts, false data and assumptions. The context and reality of the internet which provides unfiltered information and puts the onus on users to take responsibility for dealing with the overflow of information has opened up space for the spread of conspiracy theories, including those linked to religion. The potential of social media to attract followers has been exploited by some individuals and groups to spread deviant teachings in order to gain followers. To attract recognition, they incorporate conspiracy theories and eschatology into their teachings. By using the library research method through the analysis of related works, this paper examines the syncretism between conspiracy theories and deviant teachings in Malaysia through several websites and social media accounts. The study categorizes the characteristics that lead to the syncretization into four, namely epistemology, doctrine, worldview and social aspects.
The Impact of Social Media on Qur'anic Studies in Northern Nigeria: An Assessment of its Challenges and Opportunities
The increasing prevalence of social media among students and teachers in Islamiyyah schools in Northern Nigeria has raised significant concerns about its impact on Qur’anic education. These platforms, while offering innovative opportunities for engagement and learning, also introduce challenges such as distractions, time mismanagement, and exposure to unethical content. This duality necessitates urgent exploration to understand how social media influences Qur’anic memorization, recitation, and teaching practices. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining thematic analysis of qualitative interviews and descriptive statistical analysis of survey data collected from 141 respondents. Key findings reveal that while social media facilitates global connectivity and flexible learning methods, it simultaneously detracts from the focus required for effective Qur’anic education. The study emphasizes the importance of structured guidance and regulation to balance the opportunities and challenges presented by social media. Recommendations include integrating tailored digital tools, enhancing parental and institutional oversight, and promoting mentorship to optimize the use of social media in Qur’anic studies.
This paper discusses the status of the Druze towards the Qur’an, their esoteric interpretations and inferences, which affected their thought and belief, where the main question arose: What are the main Quranic interpretations and inferences of the Druze sect? The paper aims at studying the principles of the Druze sect and their ideas based on them, highlighting their status of the holy Qur’an, and criticizing the Quranic inferences of the Druze with regard to legal rulings. To fulfill this study we followed descriptive, analytical, and critical approaches. The paper concluded that the Druze have their own interpretation of the Quran, sometimes they oppose its clear meaning, they infer the Holy Qur’an in order to utilize it to promote their theological thoughts and legitimize them. It is remarkable that their private books (of their imams) are not public; this confirms the obscurity of this group in their beliefs, principles and opinions.
Meaning Term 'Qasam' in Tafsir al-Azhar Book’s: Analytical Study of Hamka's Interpretation in Surah al-Fajr 1-4
This article discusses meaning term qasam in Tafsir al-Azhar of surah al-Fajr verses 1-4. The discussion in this study includes information about Surah al-Fajr, interpretation qasam on surah al-Fajr in Tafsir al-Azhar by Hamka's, other examples of Hamka's interpretations in al-Qur’an, and the method and patterns of Hamka's interpretations. The method used in this research is qualitative with data collection methods through literature review. The data processing method is descriptive-analysis. This study concludes that, 1) Hamka interprets qasam in Surah al-Fajr as a form of emphasis from Allah SWT to His servants to maximize the time they have available; 2) Hamka tends to provide a broad perspective in interpreting. At least this can be proven by the interpretation of Tafsir al-Azhar non-mazhabi and tahlili.
Dinamik Hubungan Diplomatik Türkiye-Israel: Kajian Retrospektif dari Tahun 1949 hingga 2002
This article analyzes the diplomatic relationship between Türkiye and Israel from 1949 to 2002 within the context of Türkiye’s foreign policy transformation following the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate, as well as the influence of regional and global geopolitical forces. Türkiye’s official recognition of Israel in 1949 marked the beginning of a complex bilateral relationship, shaped by the legacy of secularism introduced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Türkiye’s strategic alignment with the Western bloc during the Cold War era. Adopting a retrospective approach, the study examines how the legacy of the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement and broader imperial strategies that dismantled Islamic political institutions influenced Türkiye’s foreign policy narrative, particularly in relation to the Palestinian issue. Using historical and political analysis, this article traces patterns of diplomatic, military, and economic cooperation between the two nations, as well as the tensions arising from the protracted Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The findings reveal that although Türkiye–Israel relations have developed within a framework of pragmatic cooperation, they remain deeply affected by historical memory, domestic pressures, and Türkiye’s aspirations to restore regional Islamic solidarity. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding the dynamics of Türkiye’s foreign policy and its position within the postmodern geopolitical landscape of the Middle East.
الوُجُودُ الإلهيُ عِندَ صَدْرِ الدّينِ القُوُنَوِيِ
This research aims to highlight the position of Imam Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi on the issue of The Existence of Allah as one of the prominent imams of Sufism, who was greatly occupied with research into The Existence of Allah. Because it represents the center around which the circle of their opinions and ideas revolves in general, there are two types of existence for them: pure existence. It is the existence of Allah. And the presence of a viewer ‘Physical Presence’. It is the existence of beings or the world. This is exactly the same position as Imam al-Qunawi. Therefore, the importance of al-Qunawi is due to the fact that he is the true manifestation and pure model of the Sufi position on The Existence of Allah in general.The method used is the inductive and analytical method and the comparative method. The difficulties of the research are that the researcher relied on the sayings of al-Qunawi himself, which are found in his works, which are still ‘manuscripts’ except for rare ones, and reading them is very difficult. The research concluded several results, the most important of which are: al-Qunawi believes that Allah Almighty’s existence is the same as His essence, and His essence is the same as His identity. As for the world, its existence is additional to its essence, but it is a mirror and manifestation of The Existence of Allah. Al-Qunawi divides the levels of the Existence of Allah into two levels (oneness and oneness), and each of the two levels has characteristics and advantages. He also believes that the names and attributes of Allah are legal, and that they are added to Allah Almighty according to considerations determined by effects and circumstances. And that the names of Allah are syncretic and standard, and that His attributes are the same as Himself, which is the same position as the Mu’tazilites. The name (Allah) is a comprehensive, comprehensive, non-restrictive name, and is followed in rank by the name (Lord). In his presentation and presentation of his ideas, he used a mystical and tasteful language, not a verbal or philosophical one.
Amalan Pembelajaran Hifz al-Quran Pelajar Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama di Malaysia
The objective of my research is to study and explore student practice Hifz al-Quran to learn Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) at National Religious Secondary School in Malaysia. The learning practice of Hifz al-Quran of TMUA students was studied from four aspects such as beginning of learning, during learning, closing learning and use learning materials. 350 students form 4 high school from the Nasional Religion under the Tahfiz Model Ulul Albab (TMUA) program were involved. The survey design benefit quantitative approach that use a descriptive method. Referring to the previous studies and content verified by the experts, the questionnaire instrument was created by author. The quantitative data from the questionnaire had been analyzed by descriptively using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 28 to receive repetition, percentage, minutes and standard deviation. As a result of the research that the learning practices of TMUA students from the beginning aspects of learning and during learning is a high level, whereas the closing of learning carry out 89.7 percent (314), min 4.41 is a very high level. However, the aspects of learning method is in min 2.52 which is at lower level. The reason use of laptop, LCD Smart phone, al-Quran CD and audio al-Quran is smaller amount in practice learning Hifz al-Quran. In the learning al-Quran should be developed with several learning methods together with the technological advance in this stage, so that the increase in domination of Hifz al-Quran can maximized to the student and more interested in learning al-Quran at school. In the event of this study, it is expected to contribute to the success of Tahfiz learning in improve students Hifz al-Quran achievement.
The Role of Songs in Promoting Interreligious Understanding in Multi-Religious Sri Lanka: An Islamic Aesthetic Analysis
The paper has chiefly examined the vitality of the aesthetic expression of the song and music to promote inter-religious understanding among multiple faith traditions that exist in Sri Lanka from an Islamic aesthetic point of view. It can be observed that there is a growing debate among scholars concerning the contributions of the expression of aesthetic aspects of human beings, especially song, and music, and their use of them for the harmonious relationships among the divergent communities of the nation of Sri Lanka. This entails a thorough study of whether the song and music can be utilized for that purpose from the Islamic aesthetic point of view. Against this backdrop, this study sought to investigate and explain how an effective song and music can be used to promote coexistence and interreligious understanding, especially among Muslims and Buddhists in Sri Lanka. This study used the qualitative research method relying on the library to collect the data from relevant literature on the subject and employed content analysis. The findings show that Islam is in a positive position in terms of using songs with music to promote peace and social harmony but with some restrictions. This also suggested optimising the aesthetic instruments in connection with other communities within the Shariah compliance. This study can be useful for decision-makers, educators, and religious figures who are dedicated to fostering interreligious harmony and minimising conflicts in Sri Lanka and other countries.
The Contributions of Al-Shatibi, Izzuddin ibn Abdul Salam and ibn Ashur on Maqasid Al-Shariah: An Exploration
Maqasid al-Shariah is one of the unique disciplines of Islamic knowledge, particularly Islamic law. Maqasid al-Shariah is very important in understanding the true objectives of Islamic texts more comprehensively and accurately. Al-Shatibi, Izzuddin ibn Abdul Salam and ibn Ashur are among the leading figures who served as important references for contemporary Islamic law researchers. This paper explores brief biographies and contributions of these three important figures in Maqasid al-Shariah. The methodology adopted in this paper is qualitative research using library methods and the data were obtained from classical and contemporary sources of Islamic law. The findings reveal the lasting contributions of the three outstanding scholars of Maqasid al-Shariah. This paper, therefore, is likely to contribute immensely towards a new insight into the discipline of usul al-fiqh and understanding key important references and proper documentation in the field of Maqasid al-Shariah for contemporary researchers and students willing to specialize in the field.
دراسة موضوعية للديانات الوضعية: الهندوسية والبوذية نموذجا
Knowledge of the legislative sources of any religion is considered the primary outlet for knowing its truth, origins, and branches, and the only way to judge it by virtue and validity. A judgment of the thing is part of its conception and can only be imagined by looking at its source. Some religions agree about their messengers and resources and facilitate access to their isources while others do not, such as Hinduism and Buddhism. There is more than one opinion about their founder, the name of their religion, and their legislative sources, this study explores the legislative sources of Hinduism and Buddhism. The research adopts a library-based method comprising historical and analytical approaches. The results show that Hinduism is more accurately referred to as Alʼaryh, as the ancient figures like Buddha did not give it any other name. Also, for the term "Hindu" is used to describe anyone who follows it, and it is not related to the inhabitants of India or those who own cows, as there are many Hindus outside the country and countless numbers who do not raise cows. Regarding the personality of Buddha, the most correct opinion is that he was a philosophical man with no connection to prophecy. His actions and words support this view. The study concludes that both religions have original and secondary sources.
Teori Taksonomi Bloom serta Cabaran Guru Pendidikan Islam dalam Mengaplikasi Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Pengajaran Akidah Menurut Perspektif Jurulatih Utama Negeri (JU) Sekolah Rendah dan Menengah
The emphasis on critical thinking skills remains the primary focus in 21st-century thinking skills. However, the implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is deemed not fully achievable yet by Islamic Education teachers (GPI) in the teaching and learning sessions of the aqidah field. This study focuses on the challenges faced by Islamic Education teachers instructing the aqidah field based on the Document of Content and Assessment Standards (DSKP), as per the perspectives of State trainers (JU). The research design employs a semi-structured interview method, and the gathered data is thematically analyzed using ATLAS.ti V8 software. Ten participants were selected to represent five zones in Malaysia. These State trainers are expert teachers with extensive experience in Islamic religious education, recognized under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The selected zones include one participant from a primary school and one from a secondary school in the Northern, Southern, Eastern, Central, and East Malaysia (Sabah) zones. Findings indicate that integrating Bloom's taxonomy framework into HOTS aqidah teaching faces challenges for GPI due to three major obstacles: individual teacher aspects, internal and external administrative issues, and student aspects with various interpretations.