PEMIKIRAN SYEIKH ‘ALĪ JUM‘AH DALAM MANHAJ PEMFATWAAN: SATU SOROTAN AWAL

Sheikh ‘Alī Jum‘ah’s Thoughts in Fatwa Method: A Preliminary Review

Authors

Keywords:

reformation, thought, fatwa, ‘Alī Jum‘ah

Abstract

Fatwa is an explanation regarding the determination of a syariah law issued by an individual who has the authority over it. Fatwas need to be implemented seriously and systematically to preserve the validity of laws that achieve maqāsid al-sharī‘ah (objectives of shari‘ah). To answer a current question, a fatwa that wants to be issued must be based on an accurate understanding of the text and a perfect knowledge of the real world. However, some of the fatwas issued by him have sparked controversy in the discourse of syariah law. Therefore, this study aims to look at the methodology and the process of fatwa issuance initiated by Sheikh ‘Alī Jum‘ah. This study uses a qualitative method approach, which is by analyzing data and information collected from various sources, including Sheikh ‘Alī Jum‘ah’s writings, the works of past and contemporary scholars, journals, and websites. Generally, the study found that the methodology and fatwa issuance process practiced by Sheikh ‘Alī Jum‘ah is not different from what other Islamic scholars have articulated. However, a series of his approaches have resulted in different legal answers and may bring about controversy in Islamic legal discourse.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Qur’an al-Karim.

‘Alī Jum‘ah Muḥammad, al-Bayān limā Yashghil al-Adhhān, vol. 1 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār Muqaṭṭam, 2014M/1435H).

____________________, ‘Apakah Hukum Insurans Takaful?’, Dār al-Iftā’ al-Misriyyah, https://www.dar-alifta.org/ar/fatawa/11967/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A, diakses 10 Julai 2024.

____________________, ‘al-Iftā’ Haqīqatuhu wa Adābuhu wa Marāḥiluhu’, (Kertas Kerja Mu’tamar al-Fatwa wa Ḍawābiṭuha, Majma‘ al-Fiqh al-Islami, Makkah, ‘Arab Sa‘udi, 17-21 Januari 2009); https://www.draligomaa.com/index.php/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/item/805-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89, diakses 25 September 2022.

____________________, al-Kalim al-Ṭayyīb: Fatāwā ‘Aṣriyyah, cet. 5, vol. 1 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār al-Salām, 1434H/2013M)

____________________, al-Kalim al-Ṭayyīb: Fatāwā ‘Aṣriyyah, cet. 2, vol. 2 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār al-Salām, 1431H/2010M).

____________________, al-Madkhal ila Dirāsah al-Madhāhib al-Fiqhiyyah, cet. 4 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār al-Salām, 1433H/2012).

____________________, al-Ṭarīq ila al-Turāth al-Islāmī: Muqaddimat Ma‘rifiyyah wa Madakhil Manhajiyyah (Jizah, Misr: Dār Nahdah Misr, Jan 2014).

____________________, Mukawwināt al-‘Aql al-Muslim wa Darajāt al-Ma‘rifah (Qahirah, Misr: Dar al-Wābil al-Ṣoyib, 1438H/2017M).

____________________, Simāt al-‘Aṣr; Ru’yah Muhtam, cet. 1 (Qahirah: Dār al-Fārūq, 2006).

____________________, Ṣinā‘ah al-Iftā’ (Qahirah, Misr: Dar Nahḍah Miṣr, 2008).

Al-Amidi, al-Ihkam fi Uṣūl al-Aḥkām, vol. 1 (Riyad, Sa‘udi: Dār al-Sami’i, 1424H/2003M).

Azman Ab Rahman & Mohd Nasir Abdul Majid, ‘Kepentingan Usul Fiqh dalam Ijtihad dan Fatwa’, Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Usul Fiqh 2004 (Kuala Lumpur: Fakulti Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia, 2004).

Al-Baghdādī al-Khaṭīb, al-Faqīh wa al-Mutafaqqih (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 2003).

Al-Bayhaqī, Abu Bakr Aḥmad bin Husayn, Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 6 (Makkah al-Mukarramah: Maktabah al-Baz, 1994).

Al-Bajurī, Ibrahim bin Muḥammad, Ḥāshiyah al-Bajurī ‘ala Fatḥ al-Qarīb al-Mujīb, vol. 1 (Jakarta, Indonesia: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyyah, 2007).

Al-Buhūtī, Mansur bin Yunus, Sharḥ Muntahā al-Irādat al-Musamma Daqa’iq Uli al-Nuha li Sharḥ al-Muntaha, vol. 3 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Mu’assasah al-Risālah Nāshirūn, 1421H/2000M).

Dr Ali Gomaa, ‘Kalimah A D ‘Ali Jum‘ah Khilal fa ‘Aliyat Mu’tamar “Dawr al-Fatwa fi Istiqrar al-Mujtami‘at”’, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a8Fq-bL3sc, diakses 14 November 2019M.

Al-Fayyumi, Ahmad bin Muḥammad bin ‘Ali, al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr (Qahirah, Misr: Mu’assasah al-Mukhtar, 2008).

Al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid, al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, vol. 1 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Mu’assasah al-Risālah Nāshirūn, 1436H/2015M).

Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, I‘lam al-Muwaqqi‘in, vol. 4 (Qahirah, Misr: Matba‘ah al-Nahdah al-Jadidah, 1968).

Ibn al-Qayyim, I‘lām al-Muwaqqi‘īn ‘an Rabb al-‘Ālamīn, vol. 1 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār al-Jil, 1973).

Ibn Manẓūr, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad bin Mukram, Lisān al-‘Arab, vol. 15 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1968).

Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, ‘Kedudukan Fatwa Dalam Konstruksi Hukum Islam’, El-Maslahah Journal, vol. 9/2 (2019).

Idārah al-Abḥāth al-Shar‘iyyah, Ḍawābiṭ al-Ikhtiyār al-Fهqhī ‘inda al-Nawāzil (Qahirah, Misr: Matba‘ah Dār al-Kutub wa al-Watha’iq al-Qawmiyyah, 1434H/2013M).

Al-Isnawī, Jamāl al-Dīn, Nihāyah al-Sūl fi Sharḥ Minhāj al-Wuṣūl ila ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, vol. 1 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1420H/1999M).

Al-Isnawī, ‘Abd al-Rahim bin al-Hasan, al-Tamhid fi Takhrij al-Furu‘ ‘ala al-Uṣūl, cet. 5 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Mu’assasah al-Risālah Nāshirūn, 1434H/2013M).

Khoirizi H Dasir, ‘Qath’ī dan Ẓannī al-Qur’ān dan al-Sunnah Dalam Proses Pengenmbangan Dakwah’, At-Tamkin: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam, vol. 3/3 (2018).

KH Ma’ruf Amin, Fatwa dalam Sistem Hukum Islam (Jakarta, Indonesia: elSAS Jakarta, 2008).

Al-Malah, Sheikh Husayn Muḥammad, al-Fatwa: Nash’atuhā wa Taṭawuruhā Uṣūluhā wa Taṭbīqatuhā (Bayrut, Lubnan: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, 2009).

Mohamed Abdelaziz Mahmoud Ghonim, ‘Usus al-Fatwa wa Marahiluha bi Mafhum ‘Aṣri’ (Disertasi Sarjana, Jabatan Fiqh dan Usul, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2009).

Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Latif Mahmud al-Banna, Taṣwīr al-Nāzilah Dirāsah Fiqhiyyah Taṭbīqiyyah (Riyad: Jami‘ah Muḥammad ibn Sa‘ud al-Islamiyyah, 2010).

Muḥammad ‘Uthmān Shibir, al-Takyīf al-Fiqhi lil Waqā’i‘ al-Mustajaddah wa Taṭbīqātuhu al-Fiqhiyyah, cet. 2 (Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 2014M/1435H).

Al-Nawawī, Muḥyi al-Dīn Zakariyyā ibn Yaḥya, al-Majmu‘ Sharh al-Muhadhab (Dimashq: Dār al-Fikr, 1988).

Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman, ‘al-Marāḥil allati Tamurru bihā al-Fatāwā’, Jurnal al-Risalah, vol. 15/1 (2008).

Al-Qaraḍāwī, Yusuf, Fatwa Mu‘āṣirah (Bayrut, Lubnan: al-Maktab al-Islami, 2000).

_________________, Madkhal li Dirāsah al-Sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah (Qahirah, Misr: Maktabah Wahbah, 2005).

Al-Qarāfī, al-Furūq: Anwār al-Burūq fi Anwā’ al-Furūq, cet. 1, vol. 4 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār al-Salām, 1421H/2001M).

Al-Qunawī al-Ḥanafī, Qasim bin ‘Abd Allah, Anis al-Fuqaha’ fi Ta‘rifat al-Alfaz al-Mutadawilah bayn al-Fuqaha’, cet. 1 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2004M/1424H).

Al-Rāzī, Muḥammad bin ‘Umar bin al-Husayn, al-Maḥṣūl fī ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh, cet. 1 (Qahirah, Misr: Dār al-Salām, 2011).

Al-Sibā‘ī, Mustafa, al-Sunnah wa Makānatuhā fī al-Tashrī‘ al-Islāmī (Dimashq, Suriya: al-Maktab al-Islami, 1978).

Al-Shāfi‘ī, Muḥammad bin Idris, Musnad al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī (Bayrut: Dār al-Bashā’ir al-Islāmiyyah, 2015).

Al-Shawkānī, Irshād al-Fuḥūl ila Tahqīq al-Haqq min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, cet. 4 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār Ibn Kathir, 1432H/2011M).

Al-Subkī, Taqī al-Dīn ‘Ali bin ‘Abd al-Kafi, Fatāwā al-Subkī, vol. 2 (Bayrut, Lubnan: Dār al-Ma‘rifah, t.t).

Al-Suyūṭī, ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Abu Bakr, al-Rad ‘ala man Akhlada ila al-Ard wa Jahila Anna al-Ijtihād fi Kulli ‘Aṣr Farḍ, cet. 1 (Bayrut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1983).

Taqī al-‘Uthmānī, Muhammad, Uṣūl al-Iftā’ wa Adābuhu (Karatishi, Bakistan: Maktabah Ma‘arif al-Qur’ān, 1432H/2011M).

The Royal aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influental Muslim 2023 (Amman: The Institute, 2022).

T.p., ‘Ma’ruf Amin’, Wikipedia, https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruf_Amin, diakses 29 Januari 2023.

Usamah al-Sayyid Mahmud al-Azhari, Mishkāh al-Uṣūliyyīn wa al-Fuqahā’, cet. 1 (t.t: Dār al-Faqīḥ, 1434H/2013M).

Wahbah al-Zuḥaylī, Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islami, cet. 1, vol. 2 (Dimashq, Suriyah: Dār al-Fikr, 1406H/1986M).

Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Bin Wan Khairuldin, Metode Fatwa Sheikh ‘Ali Jum‘ah Dalam Kitab al-Kalim al-Tayyib-Fatawa ‘Asriyyah (Disertasi Sarjana, Jabatan Fiqh dan Usul, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 2011).

Al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad bin Bahadur bin ‘Abd Allah, Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ fī Uṣūl al-Fīqh, cet. 2, vol. 1 (Kuwayt: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah, 1413H/1992M).

Published

2024-07-17

How to Cite

Yaacob, W. A. Z., Abdullah, L., & Syed Jaafar, S. M. J. (2024). PEMIKIRAN SYEIKH ‘ALĪ JUM‘AH DALAM MANHAJ PEMFATWAAN: SATU SOROTAN AWAL: Sheikh ‘Alī Jum‘ah’s Thoughts in Fatwa Method: A Preliminary Review. Jurnal Syariah, 31(3), 380–407. Retrieved from http://mjs.um.edu.my/index.php/JS/article/view/46320